how is frankenstein a romantic novel romanticism and its influence on the creation of frankenstein

Frankenstein, often hailed as a Gothic novel, has also been considered a Romantic work due to its exploration of themes such as nature, emotion, and the sublime. This paper will delve into how Mary Shelley’s masterpiece aligns with Romantic literary principles, focusing on elements like the sublime, individualism, and the relationship between man and nature.

Romanticism, a literary movement that flourished in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, celebrated the power of the human imagination, individuality, and the beauty of nature. In “Frankenstein,” these principles are intricately woven into the narrative. Victor Frankenstein’s pursuit of knowledge and his obsession with creating life represent a kind of Romantic heroism. However, it is his tragic fall from grace and the ethical dilemmas he faces that truly embody the Romantic emphasis on the sublime and the power of emotions.

One of the most striking examples of the Romantic fascination with the sublime is the Creature’s first encounter with humans. The Creature describes being overwhelmed by the sight of a family gathered around a fire, where “the blaze illuminated the countenances of the assembled group, and the rays of light fell upon their features, softening the sternness of the features and adding a mildness to the whole expression.” This description evokes the Romantic ideal of the picturesque, where nature and humanity are intertwined, and the natural world is imbued with an ethereal beauty.

Moreover, the Creature’s rejection by society mirrors the Romantic notion of isolation and alienation. Just as Romantic poets like William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge depicted the solitary wanderer in nature as a symbol of the individual’s struggle against societal norms, the Creature finds himself ostracized by both his creator and the rest of humanity. His quest for companionship and understanding highlights the Romantic belief in the importance of empathy and connection between individuals.

The relationship between man and nature is another key aspect that links “Frankenstein” to Romantic literature. In the novel, nature serves as both a source of inspiration and a reflection of the human condition. Victor Frankenstein’s laboratory, where he creates life, is situated amidst the serene and awe-inspiring landscape of the Alps. The sublime power of nature is personified in the storm that strikes during the Creature’s creation, symbolizing the chaos and unpredictability that can arise when one tries to control forces beyond their grasp.

In contrast, the Creature’s encounters with nature are marked by terror and confusion. He is unable to understand the laws of nature and the role of humans within it. This disconnection between the Creature and the natural world reflects the Romantic concern with the degradation of nature caused by human intervention and industrialization. The Creature’s desire to be understood and accepted by nature, rather than to dominate it, underscores the Romantic belief in harmony with the natural order.

However, it is important to note that while “Frankenstein” incorporates Romantic elements, it does not adhere strictly to the genre’s conventions. The novel’s exploration of scientific hubris, ethical dilemmas, and the consequences of unchecked ambition make it more aligned with the Gothic tradition. Nonetheless, the influence of Romanticism can be seen in its portrayal of the individual’s struggle against societal norms and the deep connection between man and nature.

In conclusion, “Frankenstein” is indeed a Romantic novel, but it transcends the limitations of the genre by addressing broader themes of individualism, the sublime, and the relationship between man and nature. Through its vivid descriptions and compelling characters, the novel continues to captivate readers and challenge them to reflect on the complex interplay between science, ethics, and the human spirit.